In Mojo, when you pass arguments to a function, you have control over how those arguments are treated. Specifically, you can specify whether the function should receive the argument:

1. By Value (Owned): The function takes full ownership of the argument and can freely modify it. When the function ends, the argument is automatically destroyed.
2. By Immutable Reference (Borrowed): The function receives a read-only reference to the argument. It can use the value but cannot modify it.
3. By Mutable Reference (Inout): The function receives a mutable reference to the argument. It can both read and modify the original value.

This feature is tied to Mojo's value ownership model

. In Mojo, each value can only be "owned" by one variable at a time. When the owner's lifetime ends, the value is automatically destroyed.By specifying how arguments are passed (owned, borrowed, or inout), Mojo's compiler can ensure that your code is memory-safe and doesn't have issues like "use-after-free" errors or "double free" errors. This makes it easier to write reliable, high-performance code, especially for systems programming and AI/ML applications.For example, if a function takes an "owned" argument, the compiler knows that the function has exclusive access to modify that value. And when the function returns, the value will be automatically destroyed, preventing memory leaks.The key benefit of this system is that it allows Mojo to provide the performance and control of lower-level languages like C++, while still maintaining the usability and safety of higher-level languages like Python. This makes Mojo a powerful choice for building efficient, scalable AI and system-level applications.